27 research outputs found
Neutron star solutions in perturbative quadratic gravity
We study the structure of neutron stars in R+\beta\ R^{\mu \nu} R_{\mu \nu}
gravity model with perturbative method. We obtain mass--radius relations for
six representative equations of state (EoSs). We find that, for |\beta| ~ 10^11
cm^2, the results differ substantially from the results of general relativity.
Some of the soft EoSs that are excluded within the framework of general
relativity can be reconciled for certain values of \beta\ of this order with
the 2 solar mass neutron star recently observed. For values of \beta\ greater
than a few 10^11 cm^2 we find a new solution branch allowing highly massive
neutron stars. By referring some recent observational constraints on the
mass--radius relation we try to constrain the value of \beta\ for each EoS. The
associated length scale \sqrt{\beta} ~ 10^6 cm is of the order of the typical
radius of neutron stars implying that this is the smallest value we could find
by using neutron stars as a probe. We thus conclude that the true value of
\beta\ is most likely much smaller than 10^11 cm^2.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures. v2: Analysis on validity of perturbative
approach is added. References added. v3: Aesthetic improvement
Proton tunneling in hydrogen bonds and its implications in an induced-fit model of enzyme catalysis
The role of proton tunneling in biological catalysis is investigated here
within the frameworks of quantum information theory and thermodynamics. We
consider the quantum correlations generated through two hydrogen bonds between
a substrate and a prototypical enzyme that first catalyzes the tautomerization
of the substrate to move on to a subsequent catalysis, and discuss how the
enzyme can derive its catalytic potency from these correlations. In particular,
we show that classical changes induced in the binding site of the enzyme
spreads the quantum correlations among all of the four hydrogen-bonded atoms
thanks to the directionality of hydrogen bonds. If the enzyme rapidly returns
to its initial state after the binding stage, the substrate ends in a new
transition state corresponding to a quantum superposition. Open quantum system
dynamics can then naturally drive the reaction in the forward direction from
the major tautomeric form to the minor tautomeric form without needing any
additional catalytic activity. We find that in this scenario the enzyme lowers
the activation energy so much that there is no energy barrier left in the
tautomerization, even if the quantum correlations quickly decay.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures. Authors postprint versio
Emergence of correlated proton tunneling in water ice
Several experimental and theoretical studies report instances of concerted or
correlated multiple proton tunneling in solid phases of water. Here, we
construct a pseudo-spin model for the quantum motion of protons in a hexameric
HO ring and extend it to open system dynamics that takes environmental
effects into account in the form of OH stretch vibrations. We approach the
problem of correlations in tunneling using quantum information theory in a
departure from previous studies. Our formalism enables us to quantify the
coherent proton mobility around the hexagonal ring by one of the principal
measures of coherence, the norm of coherence. The nature of the pairwise
pseudo-spin correlations underlying the overall mobility is further
investigated within this formalism. We show that the classical correlations of
the individual quantum tunneling events in long-time limit is sufficient to
capture the behaviour of coherent proton mobility observed in low-temperature
experiments. We conclude that long-range intra-ring interactions do not appear
to be a necessary condition for correlated proton tunneling in water ice.Comment: 26 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Electronic supplementary material is
appende
Neutron stars in a perturbative gravity model with strong magnetic fields
We investigate the effect of a strong magnetic field on the structure of
neutron stars in a model with perturbative gravity. The effect of an
interior strong magnetic field of about G on the equation of
state is derived in the context of a quantum hadrodynamics (QHD) model. We
solve the modified spherically symmetric hydrostatic equilibrium equations
derived for a gravity model with . Effects of both the
finite magnetic field and the modified gravity are detailed for various values
of the magnetic field and the perturbation parameter along with a
discussion of their physical implications. We show that there exists a
parameter space of the modified gravity and the magnetic field strength, in
which even a soft equation of state can accommodate a large ( M)
maximum neutron star mass through the modified mass-radius relation